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Thermal power station - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaHelp us provide free content to the world by donating today!Thermal power stationFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search A thermal power station near Sofia, Bulgaria Mohave Generating Station, a 1,580 MW thermal power station near Laughlin, Nevada fuelled by coal Geothermal power station in IcelandEnergy portalA thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser; this is known as a Rankine cycle. The greatest variation in the design of thermal power stations is due to the different fuel sources. Some prefer to use the term energy center because such facilities convert forms of heat energy into electrical energy. However, power plant is the most common term in the United States, while power station prevails in many Commonwealth countries and especially in the United Kingdom.Almost all coal, nuclear, geothermal, solar thermal electric, and waste incineration plants, as well as many natural gas power plants are thermal. Natural gas is frequently combusted in gas turbines as well as boilers. The waste heat from a gas turbine can be used to raise steam, in a combined cycle plant that improves overall efficiency.Such power stations are most usually constructed on a very large scale and designed for continuous operation.Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Efficiency 3 Diagram of a typical coal-fired thermal power station 4 Steam generator 4.1 Boiler furnace and steam drum 4.2 Fuel preparation system 4.3 Fuel firing system and igniter system 4.4 Air path 4.5 Auxiliary systems 4.5.1 Fly ash collection 4.5.2 Bottom ash collection and disposal 4.5.3 Boiler make-up water treatment plant and storage 5 Steam turbine-driven electric generator 5.1 Barring gear (or Turning gear) 5.2 Condenser 5.3 Feedwater heater 5.4 Superheater 5.5 Deaerator 5.6 Auxiliary systems 5.6.1 Oil system 5.6.2 Generator heat dissipation 5.6.3 Generator high voltage system 6 Other systems 6.1 Monitoring and alarm system 6.2 Battery supplied emergency lighting and communication 7 Transport of coal fuel to site and to storage 8 See also 9 References 10 External links [edit] HistoryReciprocating steam engines have been used for mechanical power sources since the 18th Century, with notable improvements being made by James Watt. The very first commercial central electrical generating stations in New York and London, in 1882, also used reciprocating steam engines. As generator sizes increased, eventually turbines took over due to higher efficiency and lower cost of construction. By the 1920s any central station larger than a few thousand kilowatts would use a turbine prime mover.[edit] EfficiencyThe electric efficiency of a conventional thermal power station, considered as saleable energy produced at the plant busbars compared with the heating value of the fuel consumed, is typically 33 to 48% efficient, limited as all heat engines are by the laws of thermodynamics (See: Carnot cycle). The rest of the energy must leave the plant in the form of heat. This waste heat can be disposed of with cooling water or in cooling towers. If the waste heat is instead utilized for e.g. district heating, it is called cogeneration. An